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Let me now discuss the main limitations of our study. As we all know, childbirth typically follows a timeline of about one year from conception to delivery. This means that the impact of any fertility policy would logically require at least a year to become fully visible in the data. Previous studies have addressed this by using lagged policy variables. However, in our case, the i-Dream policy w..

The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of Incheon's i-Dream policy on fertility outcomes. To do this, we use panel data from 16 cities, including Incheon, covering the period from 2000 to 2024. The policy was indroduced in Incheon in 2024. That gives us 24 years of pre-treatment periods and one post-treatment period so far. In our setup, Incheon is the only treated unit, and the remain..

1) Difference-in-Differences (DiD)When we have data from both before and after an intervention and want to isolate the impact of the intervention from general trends, one common method is Difference-in-Differences. DID is widely used in policy evaluations. The idea is to use another city as a control group to estimate the counterfactual—what would have happened in Incheon if the policy had not b..

For this study, we use panel data from 16 metropolitan and provincial cities in South Korea, covering the period from 2000 to 2024. We focus on two main outcome variables:Total Fertility Rate and the number of births.If you look at the figure, you can see that both TFR and birth counts have declined across all regions — though the levels vary by city.This highlights the persistent downward trend..

Previous studies on childbirth incentives in South Korea show mixed results — and those results vary depending on the time period, region, and method used.This highlights the importance of carefully considering the scope and approach when interpreting findings. First, the geographical scope differs.Some papers cover all 230 municipalities across the country, while others focus on specific areas ..

South Korea’s low birth rate is now a global concern — even international media are raising alarms.Just this past April, the popular science channel Kurzgesagt(쿠르츠게작트), with over 24 million subscribers, released a video titled:“South Korea is Over.” The video quickly went viral — reaching more than 12 million views.And notably — unlike their usual cautious tone, the channel used the stark word “..